Identifying depression and signs of suicide

A concerned reader asked me to write about recognizing the signs of clinical depression and, if possible, how to recognize the signs of potential suicide.

 After intensive research I can share how to identify the signs of depression and of potential suicide.

 For the record, clinical depression now has a new name, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

 There is no one definite cause of depression. The experts believe there are several causes such as genetics, biological and environmental. Certain illnesses such as cancer or thyroid disorders can cause depression. Certain medications can cause the same symptoms as depression.

 The seven most common forms of depression are MDD, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, seasonal affective disorder, perinatal and postpartum depression, premenstrual dysphoric disorder and atypical depression. This list did not include anniversary depression.

 The main signs of all forms of depression are:

 • Extreme feelings of helplessness and hopelessness;

 • Loss of interest in daily activities, total apathy;

 • Changes in appetite and weight;

 • Experiencing insomnia or sleeping too much;

 • Limited tolerance levels with irritability, agitation and anger;

 • Lack of energy and self-loathing, inability to concentrate;

 • Unexplained aches and pains.

 Experts estimate that 40% of people suffering from depression do not receive help which is critical because, if ignored, depression can be life threatening. Brain scans show how this illness actually changes the structure of the brain. It causes key areas of the brain to shrink. Acute depression can lead to suicide.

 Fortunately there are now more treatment options available for dealing with all forms of depression. These include medication, counseling, natural remedies, brain stimulation therapy and lifestyle changes.

 According to the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare in 2024 suicide was the seventh most common cause of death. From 2014 through 2024 the majority of suicides in Idaho were in the age range from 35-44 years old, and of this group most were men who had never married.

 Across the U.S. 80% of all suicides are male with most being senior citizens.

 An article from the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention states there is no one cause of suicide but there are many contributors with the main one being undiagnosed depression. The article explains how stressors and health issues merge together creating a chronic sense of hopelessness and despair. This can cause both depression and thoughts of suicide.

 The primary risk factors for suicide include:

• Mental health conditions;

• Serious physical illnesses or traumatic brain injuries;

• Prolonged stressors such as bullying or long-term unemployment;

• Extreme losses like divorce or the death of a loved one;

• Childhood abuse, neglect or trauma;

• Substance abuse.

 The most critical signs of a person considering suicide is a change in behaviors or the presences of entirely new behaviors, especially if these behaviors are related to extreme life changes or a painful event.

 If you have concerns about someone showing signs of depression or thoughts of suicide, do not wait for the person to ask for help. They may be unable to. Take the initiative and reach out to them, knowing you may be the only person doing so.

 Here are six simple things every person can do in reaching out to another person with depression and/or thoughts of suicide.

• Approach the person privately;

• Listen to their story and take them seriously;

• Verbally affirm that you care and will support them;

• Ask if they are considering suicide;

• Encourage them to seek help knowing you will be their support;

• Avoid minimizing the problem, debating with them or giving advice.

 Fortunately there are now many quality resources available for suicide prevention and for those suffering from depression. A person can text TALK at 741741 to text with a trained crisis counselor. There is the National Suicide Hotline at 988 and the Idaho CareLine at 21. In a crisis situation there is always 911.

 Stephanie Gallegos, LCSW, shared the following encouragement. “Behavioral health is an important need in our local community…In a rural community like ours, connection is one of our greatest strengths. Reducing stigma, recognizing when someone is struggling and making it easier to reach out for support can have a real impact…Mental health challenges are common but no one has to face them alone.” Ms. Gallegos is on staff at Family Medical Center here in Weiser.

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